The years della guerra civile inglese e della rivoluzione puritana (1642-1648) seguirono una breve parentesi repubblicana e la dittatura di Cromwell (1653-1658), durante la quale non mancarono momenti di conflitto interno ed esterno alla nazione (per esempio la guerra contro l'Olanda). Malgrado tutto questo e il clima non certo favorevole, il dibattito intellettuale e scientifico in Inghilterra non si bloccò.
Si ha notizia di riunioni che si tennero nel 1645 allo scopo di discutere i possibili sviluppi della filosofia naturale e sperimentale a Londra e, con sistematicità, al Wadham College di Oxford (1648-1659). Delle riunioni londinesi fa menzione l'insigne matematico John Wallis (1616-1703), precursore del calcolo infinitesimale.
L'irlandese Robert Boyle (1627-1691), which is considered the founder of modern chemistry, he mentions in a letter written in 1647 even the existence of an "Invisible College, or (as they call themselves) philosophy" that despite his young age and inexperience, it would be worthy of attention. This is because its members were "people who are trying to drive out the meanness of spirit, preaching a love so vast as to include everything that is human and who is satisfied only with the universal good will. In fact they are so afraid of failing in their success, which address the whole of humanity. " Even if it is not named as such, the pattern of invisibility and the 's love for humanity do naturally think about the movement of the Brotherhood of the Rosy Cross, although some identify these groups with the first Masonic Lodges, possibly infiltrated by elements belonging to the Rosicrucians. Of this notice is G. Gangi, who wrote: "The adepts Rosicrucian Masonic Workshops will be poured, and after welcoming the facts as accepted Masons (Freemasons accepted), you used the symbolism of Freemasonry operative to propagate their teachings. Their status was that of "symbolic Masons and their work consisted in building the Temple dcll'Umanità invisible and intangible." But not everyone shares this opinion in full.
Another character of the environment English this time, John Wilkins, writing mechanics, remembers about a lamp for underground use the `inner sun" found in the tomb of Rosencreutz. On the other hand, Wilkins does not hide what he learned from Robert Fludd in applying himself to the fact mechanics and mathematics in the study of John Dee (Dee had written a penetrating ptefazione to Euclid).
It should also be recalled that in 1652 "Thomas Vaughan, who seems enjoyed the protection of Sir Robert Moray (general Deil 'Scottish Army, which would been very important in the Royal Society, presiding over official meetings), he published an English translation of "manifestos" Rosicrucians, almost forty years after their first appearance in Germany.
The scientists were part of the group recalled that, in 1660, assumed an institutional form with the establishment of the Royal Society for the Advancement of Learning (Royal Society for the Advancement of Knowledge), and the seat was moved to Oxford in the capital, the Gresham College. An important part of the Company was to maintain contacts and cultural exchanges with scholars scattered in Europe '. This "match" was then selected and gathered from the Philosophical Transactions (the first number came out in March 1665). The company also released, although he was often in financial straits, many treatises and books of scientific interest in cutting-edge than at the time: one of tutti Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica ("Principi matematici della filosofia naturale") di Newton, in cui lo scienziato espose la sua teoria della gravitazione universale.
Il re Carlo II Stuart, cui (dopo varie vicissitudini) proprio nel 1660 era stata restituita la corona, accordò alla prestigiosa accademia scientifica il suo riconoscimento e la sua approvazione.
Ma fra i membri vi erano anche uomini che avevano militato nel partito parlamentare, o che avevano condiviso i progetti utopistici del periodo rivoluzionario. La necessità di cancellarne la memoria di fronte al sovrano e l'interesse conume per la scienza determinarono nei primi anni l'esclusione dai temi delle riunioni di argomenti "a rischio" quali la religione, the renewal of society or of rifoma 'education.
E 'is also likely that the positions on these issues were not unanimous and that the company wanted to distance himself from people such as John Webster, a Puritan theologian who had enthusiastically embraced the philosophy of the Rosicrucian manifestos in 1654 and expressed strong appreciation to Paracelsus Dee and Fludd, considering the thought compatible with that of Bacon and advocates I'insegnamento Schools.
a result of this was born the opposite tendency in the intellectual circles of a smear campaign against Dee in particular, culminated in the posthumous publication of her spiritual diary (1559), the prefacer pointed to as proof of his "diabolical magic." Dall'altra parle della barricata bisogna invece sottolineare che, durante gli anni "caldi" della guerra civile inglese e anche in quelli successivi, non solo Webster ma anche molti altri intellettuali fecero una rilettura dei testi di Paracelso, Dee e Fludd cercando di far coincidere il "felice periodo dello Spirito" preannunciato da questi studiosi con quello che si sarebbe vissuto una volta cambiata la situazione sociale esistente,e dando alla Confraternita dei Rosa-Croce un ruolo decisivo nella dinamica degli avvenimenti. Ma, riguardo a ciò, scrive P. Arnold: Fludd sostiene infatti che sia i Tre Magi dell'antichità sia i Saggi di oggi, una volta chiamati Fratelli della Rosa-Croce, non avevano la facoltà di anticipare o di suscitare l'avvento of the millennium or the Holy Spirit. Only God has the time and his glory; brothers rose-cross, and wise magi can only observe the signs that he sends to interpret and predict future events. It is this second view allows you to prophesy apocalyptic events, and by its very essence is not a heritage of collegiality but also of individuals who have undergone special or mystical and mental exercises with a special grace. Assimilating "Brothers Rosicrucians, essays and magi, Fludd, who had a clear idea of \u200b\u200bwhat it was the hypothetical" Brotherhood ", stressed that better not be the isolation of those" wise men ".
From the picture quickly emerges dashed can assume continuity between the first generation of the Royal Society and the scientists and philanthropists active in London in the thirties, at least in their training. This continuity was on the other hand warning from Comenius, who dedicated The Road to light, written in London in those years and published in Amsterdam in 1668 alone, the Royal Sociely, defining how members of the Illuminati.
Source: http://www.parodos.it/rosacroceroyalisociety.htm
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